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How to Calculate Cap Rate for Rental Property

Cap rate is the fundamental metric for evaluating rental property. Here's how to calculate and interpret it.

What is Cap Rate?

Cap Rate (Capitalization Rate) is the ratio between Net Operating Income (NOI) and the property's market value.

Formula: Cap Rate = NOI ÷ Purchase Price

How to Calculate NOI

NOI = Effective Gross Income - Operating Expenses. Expenses include taxes, insurance, maintenance, management — but NOT debt service.

Concrete Example

A fourplex at $800,000 generates $60,000/year in gross rents. With 5% vacancy and $24,000 in expenses:

  • Effective income = $60,000 × 0.95 = $57,000
  • NOI = $57,000 - $24,000 = $33,000
  • Cap Rate = $33,000 ÷ $800,000 = 4.1%

What's a Good Cap Rate?

In Montreal in 2026, cap rates range from 4% to 6.5% depending on the area. Higher cap rate = better yield, but often more risk or less appreciation expected.

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